Non-Cancerous (Benign) liver Tumours
Tumours are abnormal masses of tissue that form when cells replicate at an increased rate. Both non-cancerous (Benign) and cancerous (Malignant) tumours can develop in the liver. Non-cancerous (Benign) liver tumours are common and usually do not produce symptoms. Often, they are not diagnosed until an ultrasound, CT or MRI scan is performed for other reasons e.g., health screening.
They do not spread to other areas of the body, and they usually do not pose a serious health risk. It is important to ensure these liver tumours are accurately evaluated as some early cancers may appear like benign tumours. There are several types of benign liver tumours.
Hemangiomas
Hemangiomas are the most common form of benign liver tumours. They are a mass of abnormal blood vessels. Up to 5% of adults may have hemangiomas in their liver, and women are more likely to develop them. Treatment is usually not required. But regular follow up with liver surgeon is must.
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)
FNH is the second most common benign liver tumour. These occur mainly in women between the ages of 20 and 40. They are generally discovered during scans for other conditions, and they do not usually require treatment unless they cause symptoms. Again, but regular follow up with liver surgeon is necessary.
Hepatic adenoma (HA)
Also, known as Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), it is linked to the use of certain drugs (e.g., Oral contraceptives) and hormones. Most of these tumours remain asymptomatic and undetected. Sometimes, it may rupture and bleed into the abdomen, requiring surgery. It may enlarge in women who take hormone pills, such as for postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy, or during pregnancy. Though rare, certain adenomas harbour the risk of cancerous transformation over time.
Others
Rarer forms of benign tumours can occur in the liver as well, such as - Biliary adenomas, Biliary hamartomas, Solitary fibrous tumour, Hepatic angiomyolipoma, Cirrhotic/regenerative nodules, focal fatty infiltration, to name a few. All these need a timely opinion from your liver expert.